Referendum of 1992 (Constitutional Reform)
The Referendum of 1992 was held for citizens to vote on a series of reforms to the 1972 constitution. Some of the topics covered by the reforms were: reduction of the power of the armed forces, compulsory schooling, electoral authorities? independence, prohibition of torture and local autonomy. The turnout in the referendum was 40%. 32.83% of the participants voted in favor of the reforms and 67.17% against it, hence, the reform was rejected.
Institutional design
Formalization: is the innovation embedded in the constitution or legislation, in an administrative act, or not formalized at all?
Frequency: how often does the innovation take place: only once, sporadically, or is it permanent or regular?
Mode of Selection of Participants: is the innovation open to all participants, access is restricted to some kind of condition, or both methods apply?
Type of participants: those who participate are individual citizens, civil society organizations, private stakeholders or a combination of those?
Decisiveness: does the innovation takes binding, non-binding or no decision at all?
Co-governance: is there involvement of the government in the process or not?
- Formalization
- embedded in the constitution/legislation
- Frequency
- single
- Mode of selection of participants
- open
- Type of participants
- citizens
- Decisiveness
- democratic innovation yields a binding decision
- Co-Governance
- yes
Means
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Ends
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