Referendum on Mining in Tambogrande
On June 2 of 2002, a public referendum on mining exploitation was held in the Peruvian municipality of Tambogrande. The referendum was held to determine whether a mining concession, held by the Canadian mining company Manhattan Minerals Corporation, was supported by the people of municipality or not. Through a municipal order, the public participation mechanism was implemented and over 27,000 inhabitants participated emitting their votes. Of the casted votes, 94% were against the mining project. The Corporation however, claimed that the vote did not have a legal bearing on the concession and the government backed the Corporation?s position. The government argued that the referendum had inconsistencies and thus couldn?t be trusted, even though international observers validated the process and results.
Institutional design
Formalization: is the innovation embedded in the constitution or legislation, in an administrative act, or not formalized at all?
Frequency: how often does the innovation take place: only once, sporadically, or is it permanent or regular?
Mode of Selection of Participants: is the innovation open to all participants, access is restricted to some kind of condition, or both methods apply?
Type of participants: those who participate are individual citizens, civil society organizations, private stakeholders or a combination of those?
Decisiveness: does the innovation takes binding, non-binding or no decision at all?
Co-governance: is there involvement of the government in the process or not?
- Formalization
- only backed by a governmental program or policy
- Frequency
- single
- Mode of selection of participants
- open
- Type of participants
- citizens
- Decisiveness
- democratic innovation yields a binding decision
- Co-Governance
- yes
Means
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Ends
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