Presidential Revocation Consultation of President Hugo Chávez of 2003 (failed)
The Revocation of the National Mandate is a procedure consecrated in Article 72 of the Constitution of 1999. It allows the removal of an elected representative prior to the expiration of their term through a vote. The activation of the mechanism requires that at least half of the term has lapsed and that 20% of the electorate support the removal. If this requirement is met, a vote must be called. For the revocation to be decided, at least the same or greater number of voters who voted in favor of the representative, must vote in favor of revoking the mandate. It is also required that at least 25% of eligible voters have voted. In 2003, in a climate of increasing polarization, the opposition began a process of gathering signatures for the Revocation of the Mandate of President Hugo Chavez. Approximately 3.2 million signatures were filed along with the petition during the summer of 2003. However, the petition was rejected by the National Electoral Council because it did not meet one of the formal conditions: it occurred before the first half of the term in office had expired. It was therefore contrary to the article of the Constitution.
Institutional design
Formalization: is the innovation embedded in the constitution or legislation, in an administrative act, or not formalized at all?
Frequency: how often does the innovation take place: only once, sporadically, or is it permanent or regular?
Mode of Selection of Participants: is the innovation open to all participants, access is restricted to some kind of condition, or both methods apply?
Type of participants: those who participate are individual citizens, civil society organizations, private stakeholders or a combination of those?
Decisiveness: does the innovation takes binding, non-binding or no decision at all?
Co-governance: is there involvement of the government in the process or not?
- Formalization
- embedded in the constitution/legislation
- Frequency
- single
- Mode of selection of participants
- open
- Type of participants
- citizens
- Decisiveness
- democratic innovation yields a binding decision
- Co-Governance
- no
Means
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Ends
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