Constitutional Referendum of 1994
The 1994 Constitutional Referendum took place after the former President of the Republic (Jorge Serrano Elías) suppressed Congress and the Court of Justice. These actions entailed the coup d'état known as "the Serranazo" and the drafting of 43 amendments to the Constitution, which were approved by a popular consultation on January 30, 1994, and which included changes to the length of terms in office for the Executive and Legislative representatives. There was an abstention rate of 85%, a record high. Constitutional reforms came into effect in April of the same year.
Institutional design
Formalization: is the innovation embedded in the constitution or legislation, in an administrative act, or not formalized at all?
Frequency: how often does the innovation take place: only once, sporadically, or is it permanent or regular?
Mode of Selection of Participants: is the innovation open to all participants, access is restricted to some kind of condition, or both methods apply?
Type of participants: those who participate are individual citizens, civil society organizations, private stakeholders or a combination of those?
Decisiveness: does the innovation takes binding, non-binding or no decision at all?
Co-governance: is there involvement of the government in the process or not?
- Formalization
- embedded in the constitution/legislation
- Frequency
- single
- Mode of selection of participants
- open
- Type of participants
- citizens
- Decisiveness
- democratic innovation yields a binding decision
- Co-Governance
- yes
Means
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Ends
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