Plebiscite / Popular Initiative: Constitutional norm in the matter of education
The plebiscite on education was one of three plebiscites carried out in 1994, and was the result of a popular initiative to implement a constitutional norm in education. The purpose of the regulations was to establish a minimum of 27% of the National Budget for educational expenses. The initiative was carried out by the trade union movement, especially syndicalism linked to education, which had some support from left-wing parties and opposition from traditional parties. The vote was held in parallel with the general election. The percentage in favor of the total votes cast was 32.6%, which is why the initiative was rejected.
Institutional design
Formalization: is the innovation embedded in the constitution or legislation, in an administrative act, or not formalized at all?
Frequency: how often does the innovation take place: only once, sporadically, or is it permanent or regular?
Mode of Selection of Participants: is the innovation open to all participants, access is restricted to some kind of condition, or both methods apply?
Type of participants: those who participate are individual citizens, civil society organizations, private stakeholders or a combination of those?
Decisiveness: does the innovation takes binding, non-binding or no decision at all?
Co-governance: is there involvement of the government in the process or not?
- Formalization
- embedded in the constitution/legislation
- Frequency
- single
- Mode of selection of participants
- open
- Type of participants
- citizens
- Decisiveness
- democratic innovation yields a binding decision
- Co-Governance
- yes
Means
|
Ends
|
