Uruguay

Plebiscite / Popular Initiative: Constitutional norm in the matter of education

The plebiscite on education was one of three plebiscites carried out in 1994, and was the result of a popular initiative to implement a constitutional norm in education. The purpose of the regulations was to establish a minimum of 27% of the National Budget for educational expenses. The initiative was carried out by the trade union movement, especially syndicalism linked to education, which had some support from left-wing parties and opposition from traditional parties. The vote was held in parallel with the general election. The percentage in favor of the total votes cast was 32.6%, which is why the initiative was rejected.

Institutional design

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Formalization: is the innovation embedded in the constitution or legislation, in an administrative act, or not formalized at all?

Frequency: how often does the innovation take place: only once, sporadically, or is it permanent or regular?

Mode of Selection of Participants: is the innovation open to all participants, access is restricted to some kind of condition, or both methods apply?

Type of participants: those who participate are individual citizens, civil society organizations, private stakeholders or a combination of those?

Decisiveness: does the innovation takes binding, non-binding or no decision at all?

Co-governance: is there involvement of the government in the process or not?

Formalization
embedded in the constitution/legislation 
Frequency
single
Mode of selection of participants
open 
Type of participants
citizens  
Decisiveness
democratic innovation yields a binding decision  
Co-Governance
yes 

Means


  • Deliberation
  • Direct Voting
  • E-Participation
  • Citizen Representation

Ends


  • Accountability
  • Responsiveness
  • Rule of Law
  • Political Inclusion
  • Social Equality

Policy cycle

Agenda setting
Formulation and decision-making
Implementation
Policy Evaluation

How to quote

Do you want to use the data from this website? Here’s how to cite:

Pogrebinschi, Thamy. (2017). LATINNO Dataset. Berlin: WZB.

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