1994 Popular Consultation
The Popular Consultation of 1994 was convened by President Sixto Durán Ballén to address political and economic issues through a set of questions. These included questions about the participation of independents in the electoral process, such as the 1986 re-election of positions, the declining power of candidates, and nationality rights, among others. All the reforms were approved by the popular vote of the citizens. This consultation was framed within the provisions of the Constitution of 1978 and about 3 858 000 citizens participated with their vote.
Institutional design
Formalization: is the innovation embedded in the constitution or legislation, in an administrative act, or not formalized at all?
Frequency: how often does the innovation take place: only once, sporadically, or is it permanent or regular?
Mode of Selection of Participants: is the innovation open to all participants, access is restricted to some kind of condition, or both methods apply?
Type of participants: those who participate are individual citizens, civil society organizations, private stakeholders or a combination of those?
Decisiveness: does the innovation takes binding, non-binding or no decision at all?
Co-governance: is there involvement of the government in the process or not?
- Formalization
- embedded in the constitution/legislation
- Frequency
- single
- Mode of selection of participants
- open
- Type of participants
- citizens
- Decisiveness
- democratic innovation yields a binding decision
- Co-Governance
- no
Means
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Ends
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